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| | Dissolving Conflict Description Conflict in a reflective community is both inevitable and a treasure. It is inevitable because the purpose of the community is to bring together diverse views and to learn how to work more collaboratively and effectively across differences. It is a treasure, because it gives the community an opportunity to make sure that all voices are heard, to integrate these voices into a shared understanding and wisdom that would not otherwise be available, and to deepen the community’s capacity for trust, openness and care. Dissolving conflict is a term used by author Jamshid Gharajedaghi to differentiate four ways of addressing conflict: 1) solving conflict, or choosing one side or course of action at the expense of the other (a win/lose proposition); 2) resolving conflict, or choosing a "good enough," minimally satisfying conclusion (a compromise); 3) absolving conflict, or waiting it out, hoping it will go away by itself; and 4) dissolving conflict, or changing the nature or environment in which the conflict is embedded, in order to remove it. Example After a year of work, practitioners involved in a comprehensive community initiative came into conflict about citizen engagement strategies for the following year. One side believed that momentum was more important than anything else, and that the change process needed to move ahead with those who were already involved. They were certain that if they lost momentum, those who came in early would drop out of the process. The other side believed that inclusion was more important than anything, and that the initiative needed to focus on bringing more and more citizens to the table. They were sure that it would be impossible to bring about change in the community without wider participation. After working through a conflict dissolving process, they arrived at a win/win solution, in which they developed a three-level strategy for engagement that took into account both points of view. Approaches Dissolving conflict addresses opposing points of view by engaging parties to the conflict in a conversation that leads to a win/win or both/and solution, through a process of differentiation and integration. The following steps will help a community practice and become more skillful in moving through this process: 1. Differentiate the opposing views clearly Engage the parties in a conversation in which they clearly state and restate their views until all participants in the process express their understanding from each point of view. It will help if each party has the same amount of time to express their views, and if other stakeholders or a facilitator has the opportunity to ask questions for purposes of clarity. This is also a good time to review the differences among solving, resolving, absolving and dissolving conflict, and gaining commitment to the dissolution process. 2. Amplify the results of each view Ask the parties and other stakeholders to imagine the consequences of taking either side to its extreme. For example, what would happen if the community in the example above focused their engagement strategies on momentum to the exclusion of inclusion, and conversely, what would happen if they focused entirely on inclusion. Through this conversation, parties are usually able to see that taking either stance at the expense of the other would be detrimental to the whole. 3. Imagine a third scenario Ask the parties, with the help of other stakeholders, to imagine a third scenario in which both views or actions could exist at the same time. Facilitation is also helpful here, in helping the community to examine the purpose or desired outcome of each view or approach, and then formulate higher level purposes and outcomes that include both views or approaches. If it becomes impossible to arrive at a win/win, both/and solution, an alternative is to agree to experiment with one or both of the opposing solutions, in order to learn from experience which is preferred. 4. Implement and reflect Once the parties and the community arrive at a solution, it is time to implement the third scenario they created or to implement one or more experiments with opposing solutions. In any case, it is important to reflect on the experience of dissolving conflict, for purposes of learning and improvement. Given the fact that many of us live in highly competitive, winner-take-all environments, it takes practice to take this alternative approach.
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